Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family

Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family

The Principle of "Iqdām" (Voluntary Harmful Action) and Its Application in Family Law

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Masoumeh Shahriari 1
Zahra sadat Mirhashemi 2
zahra rasti 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Faculty of Theology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
3 Lecturer, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The Principle of "Iqdām" (Initiative; Voluntary harmful action) is a jurisprudential rule frequently invoked across various fields of Islamic jurisprudence, though it has been overlooked in the domain of family law. According to this principle, if a person takes harmful action against his own property or rights, he forfeits his claim, and no liability is imposed on another party. The evidence supporting this principle is derived from the Sunnah, rational reasoning (ʿaql), and [scholarly] consensus (ijmāʿ). This study seeks to identify instances where the Principle of Iqdām applies in family law, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and gathering data through library research. The findings indicate that this principle can be invoked in cases such as a husband's remarriage, dissolution of marriage (including divorce), and the financial rights of the wife, such as the right to dowry (mahr). 
Keywords
jurisprudential principles (Qawāʿid fiqhiyyah)
the principle of "iqdām" (initiative)
marital rights
mahr (dowry)
right of retention (ḥaqq al-ḥabs)
gift (hiba)
conjugal bed (firāsh)
polygamy
Subjects
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Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family
Volume 8, Issue 15 - Serial Number 15
September 2025
Pages 119-152

  • Receive Date 21 July 2024
  • Revise Date 21 September 2024
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