Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family

Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family

A Jurisprudential Examination of the Requirement of Husband’s Permission for Wife’s Cosmetic Surgery

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Professor, Advanced Levels of the Seminary, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Its Principles, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran
3 PhD student, Private Law, al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran
Abstract
Cosmetic surgery has emerged as a significant issue in medicine, particularly in the past decade due to advancements in surgical techniques. It is important to examine this topic from the perspective of hadiths and Islamic jurisprudence to determine whether a husband's permission is necessary for his wife's cosmetic surgery. Through bibliographical and analytic-descriptive methods, this research demonstrates that there are no specific hadiths addressing the requirement of a husband's permission for such procedures. Although some hadiths discuss the need for a woman to seek her husband's permission before leaving the home, these do not necessarily extend to cosmetic surgery, as scholars do not have a consensus on implications of these hadiths. Given the absence of explicit prohibitions against cosmetic surgery, some jurists have utilized the principles of permissibility (ibāḥa), hardship and difficulty (al-ʿusr wa-l-ḥaraj), emergency, control, and exigency to argue that a husband’s permission is not required. However, if a husband denies permission, these principles apply unless they conflict with a husband's obligatory rights, such as sexual enjoyment (istimtāʿ). In cases of conflict, the principle of prioritizing more important rights would lead to the husband's right being given precedence over the cosmetic surgery.
Keywords
Subjects

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  • Receive Date 17 July 2023
  • Revise Date 25 December 2024
  • Accept Date 10 November 2024