Children’s Rights and a Validation of Interventions by Legal Guardians

Bargedar, Hossein; Habibitabar, Javad; Bahreini, Mohammad Javad

Children’s Rights and a Validation of Interventions by Legal Guardians

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hossein Bargedar ¹

javad habibitabar ²

Mohammad javad bahreini ³

¹ PhD student, Private Law, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudential and Judicial Law, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran

Abstract

One of the critical issues in discussions related to children's rights is the validation of the authority and interventions exercised by the father and paternal grandfather in matters concerning the child. From a legal and jurisprudential perspective, while the concept of the guardian's authority and the acceptance of their actions is explicitly recognized, there is no uniform interpretation of the extent and nature of the father’s and paternal grandfather’s control. Consequently, questions and debates arise about the scope, characteristics, and manner of the guardian’s actions in child-related affairs. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to explore this issue. The central finding of this research is that the authority of the father and paternal grandfather in matters concerning the child is conditional, and their actions should primarily be assessed based on the child’s best interests rather than merely the absence of harm. This principle also applies in cases of conflict between the father’s and the paternal grandfather’s decisions. From this perspective, the revised provisions of Article 1184 of the Iranian Civil Code still require further review.

Keywords

children’s rights

legal guardian (apotropos)

father

paternal grandfather

interests

Subjects

Legal studies of women and family

The Noble Quran.

Abū Jayb, Saʿdī. n.d.. Al-Qāmūs al-fiqhī. Damascus: n.p.

Akbari, Mahmoud and Zahra Afrasyabi. 1401 Sh. “Vākāvī-yi naqsh-i riḍāyat-i pidar dar siqṭ-i janīn-i pizishkī.” Pazhūhishnāmih-yi fiqh-i ijtimāʿī 10, no. 2: 353-372.

Asadī al-Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. Muṭahhar al-. 1411 AH. Tabṣirat al-mutaʿallimīn fī aḥkām al-dīn. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.

Asadī al-Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. Muṭahhar al-. 1413 AH. Qawāʿid al-aḥkām. Qom: Islamic Publishing Office affiliated with the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom.

Bahjat Foumani Gilani, Mohammad Taghi. 1423 AH. Wasīlat al-nijāt. Qom: Shafagh.

Bahjat Foumani Gilani, Mohammad Taghi. 1428 AH. Istiftāʾāt. Qom: Office of Ayatollah Bahjat.

Boroujerdi, Seyed Hossein. 1987. Jāmiʿ aḥādīth al-Shīʿa. Tehran: n.p.

Emami, Seyed Hasan. n.d. Ḥuqūq-i madanī. Tehran: Islamiyya.

Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin al-. 1406 AH. Al-Wāfī. Isfahan: n.p.

Fayyūmī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. 1414 AH. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-munīr fī gharīb al-sharḥ al-kabīr. Qom: n.p.

Fazel Lankarani, Mohammad. 1425 AH. Tafṣīl al-sharīʿa: al-muḍāraba, al-shirka, al-muzāraʿa, al-musāqāt, al-dayn. Qom: Markaz-i Fiqh-i Aʾimmih Aṭhār.

Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. n.d. Al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Beirut: n.p.

Hashemi Karroubi, Seyedeh Fatemeh. 1396 Sh. Sarparastī-yi aṭfāl dar ḥuqūq-i Iran bā muṭāliʿih-yi taṭbīqī dar ḥuqūq-i Ālmān. Tehran: Fekrsazan.

Ḥillī (Ibn Idrīs), Muḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Aḥmad al-. 1410 AH. Al-Sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li-taḥrīr al-fatāwī. Qom: Islamic Publishing Office affiliated with the Society of Seminary Teachers.

Ḥillī (Najm al-Dīn), Jaʿfar b. al-Ḥasan al-. 1408. Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām fī masāʾil al-ḥalāl wa-l-ḥarām. Qom: Esmailian Institute.

Ḥillī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. 1387 Sh. Īḍāḥ al-fawāʾid fī sharḥ mushkilāt al-qawāʿid. Qom: Esmailian Institute.

Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1409 AH. Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa. Qom: n.p.

Hussaini Sistani, Sayyid Ali. 1417 AH. Minhāj al-ṣāliḥīn. Qom: Ayatollah al-Sistani Office.

Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad b. Fāris b. Zakariyyā. 1404 AH. Muʿjam maqāʾīs al-lugha. Qom: Islamic Propagation Office.

Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. 1414 AH. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr and Dār Ṣādir.

Iṣfahānī, Sayyid Abū al-Ḥasan al-. 1393 Sh. Wasīlat al-najāt. Qom: Mehr.

Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb. 1407 AH. Al-Kāfī. Tehran: Islamiyya.

Madanī, ʿAlī Khān b. Aḥmad. 1384 Sh. Al-Ṭarāz al-awwal. Mashhad: n.p.

Makarem Shirazi, Naser. 1424 AH. Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil. Qom: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib School.

Mazaheri, Masoumeh and Ala Sadat Afghah. 1395 Sh. “Naqdī bar maḥdūdiyat-i qānūnī-yi ḥiḍānat-i mādar pas az fawt-i pidar dar niẓām-i ḥuqūqī-yi Iran.” Khānivadih-pazhūhī 12, no. 47: 501-519.

Mousavi Khomeini, Sayyed Ruhollah. n.d. Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Qom: Dār al-ʿIlm Publishing Institute.

Musawi Khoei, Sayyid Abu al-Qasim. 1418 AH. Mawsūʿat al-Imam al-Khoei. Qom: Institute for the Revival of al-Imam al-Khoei’s Works.

Mūsawī, Ḥusayn Yūsuf. n.d. Al-Ifṣāḥ. Qom: n.p.

Nāʾīnī, Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn. 1413 AH. Al-Makāsib wa-l-bayʿ. Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute affiliated with the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom.

Najafī (Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ), Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. 1423 AH. Safīnat al-nijāt wa-mishkāt al-hudā wa-miṣbāḥ al-saʿādāt. Najaf: Kashif al-Ghita Institute.

Sadeghi, Mohammad. 1394 Sh. Masʾūliyat-i nāshī az ḥiḍānat. Tehran: Majd.

Safaee, Seyed Hossein and Asadollah Emami. 1390 Sh. Ḥuqūq-i khānivādih (qirābat va nisab va āthār-i ān). Tehran: University of Tehran Press.

Safi Golpayegani, Lotfollah. 1416 AH. Hidāyat al-ʿibād. Qom: Dār al-Qurʾān al-Karīm.

Tabrizi, Javad. n.d. Istiftāʾāt-i jadīd. Qom: n.p.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. 1390 Sh. Al-Istibṣār. Tehran: n.p.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. 1407 AH. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. Tehran: n.p.