Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family

Jurisprudential - legal studies of woman and family

Jurisprudential-legal Research on the Wife's Return to Dower after Waiving IT

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Professor of Jurisprudence and Law, Al-Mostafa International University, Qom, Iran
Abstract
The dower is the wife's right over her husband which can be waived by her. The question is: in case of waiving the right, is there any way to refer to it? Using descriptive, analytical and critical method and library sources, this research, within the framework of jurisprudential and legal principles and rules, has reached the conclusion that the wife's reference to the dower is not correct after waiving it in some forms of relinquishment such as acquitting the loan dower, giving the concrete dower that has been taken as a gift or alms, pardoning, making peace and abandoning. Also, it is not valid in some occasions of relinquishment such as waiving the determined dower before sexual intercourse whether after marriage or after divorce, abrogating the conventional dower before intercourse by the authorized wife and abandoning the temporary marriage's dower before divorce by the authorized wife. In contrast, in some forms of relinquishment (such as acquitting the concrete dower and giving the concrete dower that has not been taken as a gift or alms) as well as in some occasions of relinquishment (such as waiving the determined dower before marriage, abrogating the conventional after intercourse by the authorized wife and abandoning the temporary marriage's dower after divorce by the authorized wife) the wife's reference to the dower is correct.
Keywords

The Holy Quran.
Abd al-Monem, Mahmud. 1998. Mojam al-Mostalahat wa al-Alfaz al-Feghhiyah (Dictionary of Jurisprudential Expressions and Words), Cairo: Virtue Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Al Osfur, Hoseyn. n.d. Al-Anwar al-Lawame (Luminous Lights), Qom: Scientific Research Complex, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Alishahi, Abolfazl; Khedmati, Ismail. 2018. "Barresi Eraz ba Takid bar Nethar Aras dar Feghh Emamiyeh", in: Studies of Islamic Jurisprudence and Basics of Law, no. 37, pp. 91-110. [in Farsi]
Ameli, Zayn al-Din. 1991. Al-Dorus al-Shariyah (Sharia Lessons), Qom: Islamic Publications Office, First Ediiton. [in Arabic]
Ameli, Zayn al-Din. 1992. Masalek al-Afham (Paths of Understanding), Qom: Islamic Teachings Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Andolosi, Muhammad. 1993. Lesan al-Arab (Language of Arabs), Beirut: Thought Institute, Al-Sader Institute, Third Edition, vol. 8. [in Arabic]
Ansari, Morteza. 1994. Ketab al-Nekah (The Book of Marriage), Qom: World Congress in Honor of Sheikh Ansari, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ansari, Morteza. 1999. Ketab al-Makaseb (The Book of Businesses), Qom: Islamic Thought Complex, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Ansari, Morteza. 2000. Siyagh al-Oghud wa al-Ighaat (Formulas of Contracts), Qom: Islamic Thought Complex, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Anwari, Hasan. 2003. Farhang Bozorg Sokhan (Great Dictionary of Speech), Tehran: Speech, Second Edition. [in Farsi]
Ayyashi, Mohammad. 2001. Tafsir al-Ayyashi, Tehran: Islamic Scientific Library, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Bagheri, Parwiz; Shabannia, Mahdi; Zargushnasab, Abd al-Jabbar. 2019. "Bazpajuhi Roju Zojeh az Hebeh Mehriyeh wa Ebra An Hengam Talagh (Re-examination of the Wife's Withdrawal from the Dower and Its Acquittal at the time of Divorce)", in: Strategic Studies of Women, no. 86, pp. 153-172. [in Farsi]
Bahayi, Mohammad. 2008. Jame Abbasi, Qom: Islamic Publications Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Bahjat, Mohammad Taghi. 2005. Jame al-Masael (Collection of Issues), Qom: Ayatollah Bahjat Press, Second Edition. [in Farsi]
Bahrani, Yusof. 1984. Al-Hadaegh al-Nazerah (Lush Gardens), Qom: Islamic Publications Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Bahuti, Mansur. 1976. Al-Roz al-Morabba, Riyadh: Riyadh Modern Publication, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Basari, Mohammad Amin. 1992. Kalemah al-Taghwa (The Word of Piety), Qom: Mehr, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar. 1998. Loghatnameh Dehkhoda (Dehkhoda Dictionary), Tehran: University of Tehran, Second Edition. [in Farsi]
Deylami, Hamzeh. 1983. Al-Marasem al-Alawiyah (The Alawite Ceremony), Qom: Two Shrines Publication. [in Arabic]
 Eraghi, Ziya al-Din. 1994. Talighah Estedlaliyah ala al-Orwah, Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Faghani, Ali. 1997. Al-Dor al-Manzud, Qom: Imam of Age Bookstore, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Farahidi, Khalil. 2003. Ketab al-Ayn, Beirut: Scientific Books House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Fayyaz, Mohammad Eshagh. 2005. Resalah Tozih al-Masael (Treatise on Explanation of Issues), Qom: Majlesi, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Fayyumi, Ahmad. 1984. Al-Mesbah al-Monir (The Illuminating Light), Qom: Al-Hejrah House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Feyz, Mohammad Hasan. 1980. Mafatih al-Sharae (Keys of the Sharia), Qom: Islamic Heritage Complex, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Firuzabadi, Mohammad. 2008. Al-Ghamus al-Mohit (Comprehensive Dictionary), Cairo: Al-Hadith Institute. [in Arabic]
Ghanimi, Abd al-Ghani. n.d. Al-Lobab (The Intellect), Beirut: Arab Book House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Gharpuzabadi, Ali. 1993. Siyagh al-Oghud wa al-Ighaat (Formulas of Contracts), Qom: Shakuri, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ghattan, Mohammad. 2003. Maalem al-Din (Educator of Religion), Qom: Imam Sadegh (AS) Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Golpaygani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza. 1988. Majma al-Masael (Collection of Issues), Qom: The Noble Quran House, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Hakim, Seyyed Mohsen. 1995. Mostamsak al-Orwah, Qom: Exegesis Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Hakim, Seyyed Mohsen. n.d. Nahj al-Feghahah (The Jurisprudence Approach), Qom: 22 Bahman, First Edition. [in Arabic]
 Halabi, Ibrahim. 2005. Moltagha al-Abhor (Seas Junction), Damascus: Al-Beirut Institute, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Hamedani, Reza. 1995. Mesbah al-Faghih (Light for Jurists), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Harrani, Ahmad. 2002. Al-Reayah, Riyadh: Dar Eshbilia, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Hashemi Shahrudi, Seyyed Mahmud; et al. 2005. Farhang Feghh (Dictionary of Jurisprudence), Qom: Institute of Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopedia, First Edition. [in Farsi]
Hejawi, Musa. n.d. Al-Eghna, Beirut: Knowledge Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Ahmad. 1986. Al-Mohazzab al-Bare, Qom: Islamic Publications Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Ahmad. 1988. Al-Rasael al-Ashr (The Ten Treatises), Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Library, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Hasan. 1989. Ershad al-Azhan (Guidance of Minds), Qom: Islamic Publications Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Hasan. 1990. Tabserah al-Moteallemin (Notes for Learners), Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Hasan. 1992. Mokhtalaf al-Shiah (Differences among Shiites), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Hasan. 1993. Tazkerah al-Foghaha (Notes for Jurists), Qom: Al al-Bayt Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Hasan. 1999. Tahrir al-Ahkam (Writing the Rules), Qom: Imam Sadegh (AS) Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Hasan. 2016. Ghawaed al-Ahkam (Regulations of Laws), Islamic Publishing Office, Fourth Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Jafar. 1987. Sharae al-Eslam (Canons of Islam), Qom: Esmailiyan Institute, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Mohammad. 2009. Al-Saraer (Secrets), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Helli, Yahya. 1984. Al-Jame le al-Sharae (The Comprehensive Law), Qom: Seyyed al-Shoda Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Hemyari, Nashwan. 1958. Shams al-Olum (Sun of Science), Beirut: Contemporary Thought House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Imami, Seyyed Hasan. 1995. Hoghugh Madani (Civil Law), Tehran: Eslamiyeh, 15th Edition. [in Farsi]
Irawani, Bagher. 2006. Dorus Tamhidiyah fi al-Feghh al-Estedlali (Introductory Lessons in Deductive Jurisprudence), Qom: Jurisprudence Institute, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Isfahani, Mohammad. 1995. Kashf al-Letham (Revelation of the Veil), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, First Edition. [in Farsi]
Isfahani, Seyyed Abu al-Hasan. 2001. Wasilah al-Nejat (The Means of Survival), Qom: Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Jamal, Mohammad Ibrahim. 1991. Feghh al-Moslem (Muslim Jurisprudence), Beirut: Al-Jayl Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Johari, Esmail ibn Hammad. 2009. Al-Sehah, Cairo: Institute of Hadith, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Karaki, Ali. 1993. Jame al-Maghased (Collection of Intentions), Qom: Al al-Bayt Institute, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Kashef al-Gheta, Hasan. 2001. Anwar al-Feghahah: Ketab al-Hebah (Lights of Jurisprudence: The Book of Donation), Najaf: Kashef al-Gheta Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Kashef al-Gheta, Mohammad Hoseyn. 1940. Tahrir al-Majalleh, Najaf: Mortazawi Bookstore, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Katuziyan, Naser. 1995. Doreh Moghaddamati Hoghugh Madani: Amwal wa Malekiyat (Basic Civil Law Course: Property and Ownership), Tehran: Yalda, First Edition. [in Farsi]
Katuziyan, Naser. 2006. Hoghugh Madani Khanewadeh: Nekah wa Talagh (Family Civil Law: Marriage and Divorce), Tehran: Enteshar Company, Seventh Edition. [in Farsi]
Kermanshahi, Mohammad Ali. 2000. Maghame al-Fazl, Qom: Behbahani Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Khansari, Seyyed Ahmad. 1984. Jame al-Madarek, Qom: Esmailiyan Institute, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Khatunabadi, Ismail. 1990. Al-Rasael al-Feghhiyah (Jurisprudential Treatises), Qom: Islamic Book Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Khoyi, Seyyed Abu al-Ghasem. 1989. Menhaj al-Salehin (Path of the Righteous), Qom: City of Knowledge, 28th Edition. [in Arabic]
Khoyi, Seyyed Abu al-Ghasem. 1998. Mesbah al-Feghahah (The Light of Jurisprudence), Qom: Dawari Bookstore, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Khoyi, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi. 1993. Al-Shorut aw al-Eltezamat al-Tabaiyah fi al-Oghud (Conditions or Consequential Obligations in Contracts), Beirut: The Arab Historian House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Koleyni, Mohammad. 1986. Al-Kafi, Tehran: Islamic Books Institute, Fourth Edition. [in Arabic]
Kompani, Mohammad Hoseyn. 1988. Al-Ejarah (Renting), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Kompani, Mohammad Hoseyn. 1997. Resalah fi Tahghigh al-Hagh wa al-Hokm (A Treatise on the Investigation of Truth and Ruling), Qom: Guiding Lights, First Edition. [in Arabic]
 Kompani, Mohammad Hoseyn. 2006. Hashiyah Ketab al-Makaseb, Qom: Relatives, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Kufi, Mohammad. n.d. Al-Jafariyat, Tehran: Nineveh Modern Library, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Makarem Shirazi, Naser. 2003. Ketab al-Nekah (Marriage Book), Qom: Imam Ali ibn Abi Taleb School, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Mamaghani, Mohammad Hoseyn. 1937. Ghayat al-Amal fi Sharh Ketab al-Makaseb, Qom: Islamic Heritage Complex, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Mardawi, Ali. 1978. Al-Ensaf (Fairness), Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Mersi, Ali. 2000. Al-Mohkam wa al-Mohit al-Azam, Beirut: Scientific Books House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Meshkini, Ali. 1998. Mostalahat al-Feghh (Jurisprudence Terms), Qom: Al-Hadi Publishing Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs. 1985. Al-Mosuah al-Feghhiyah (Encyclopedia of Jurisprudence), Kuwait: Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs. Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Moghaddesi, Abdollah. 1972. Al-Moghni, Beirut: Arab Book Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Mohaghghegh Damad, Seyyed Mostafa. 1985. Ghawaed Fegh (Jurisprudence Rules), Tehran: Islamic Sciences Publishing Center, Twelfth Edition.
Moin, Mohammad. 2007. Farhang Farsi (Persian Dictionary), Tehran: Adna, Second Edition. [in Farsi]
Momen. Mohammad. 2004. Al-Welayah al-Elahiyah al-Eslamiyah (Islamic Divine Guardianship), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Morawej, Seyyed Mohammad Jafar. 1995. Nazrah fi al-Hoghugh: Ahkameha wa Aghsameha (A Look at the Law: Its Rules and Divisions), Qom: Book House Foundation, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Mostafawi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem. 1996. Al-Ghawaed (The Rules), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Mostafawi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem. 2002. Feghh al-Moamelat (Jurisprudence of Transactions), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Musawi Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah. 2001. Nejat al-Ebad (The Salvation of the Servants), Tehran: Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works. [in Farsi]
Musawi Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah. n.d. Tahrir al-Wasileh, Qom: Science House, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Najafi, Mohammad Hasan. 1983. Jawaher al-Kalam (The Jewel of the Words), Beirut: Arab Heritage Revival House, Seventh Edition. [in Arabic]
Naraghi, Mohammad Mahdi. 2001. Masharegh al-Ahkam (Sunrise of Rulings), Qom: Naraghi Congress, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Nasafi, Abdollah. 2010. Kanz al-Daghaegh, Beirut: Islamic Omens Institute, Light Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Qomi, Abolghasem. 1992. Jame al-Shatat, Tehran: Keyhan Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Ragheb Isfahani, Hoseyn. 1991. Mofradat Alfaz al-Qoran (Dictionary of Quranic Terms), Beirut: Pen Institute, Al-Shamiyah Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Rawandi, Fazlollah. 1997. Al-Nawader (Rare Statements), Tehran: Kushanpur Cultural Foundation, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Rawandi, Said. 1984. Feghh al-Quran (Jurisprudence of the Quran), Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Library, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Razi, Ahmad. 2008. Maghayis al-Loghah (Dictionary of Comparative Language), Qom: Research Institute of Hawzeh and University, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Rohani, Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh. 1991. Feghh al-Sadegh (Jurisprudence of Imam Sadegh), Qom: Book Instititue, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Sabzewari, Seyyed Abd al-Aala. 2009. Mohazzeb al-Ahkam (Refined Rulings), Qom: Exegesis Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Sabzewari, Seyyed Abd al-Aala. n.d. Jame al-Ahkam (Collection of Rulings), Qom: Al-Menar Institute, Ninth Edition. [in Arabic]
Sadugh, Mohammad. 1983. Man la Yahzoroh al-Faghih (The One Who Doesn’t Have Access to a Jurist), Qom: Islamic Publications Office, Second Edition. [in Arabic]
Safayi, Seyyed Hoseyn; Emami, Asadollah. 2006. Hoghugh Khanewadeh (Family Law), Tehran: University of Tehran, Tenth Edition. [in Farsi]
Shahidi, Mahdi. 2007. Hoghugh Madani: Soghut Taahodat (Civil Law: Falling Obligations), Tehran: Majd, Eighth Edition. [in Farsi]
Shalbi, Mohammad Mostafa. 1982. Ahkam al-Osrah (Family Rulings), Beirut: University Press, Fourth Edition. [in Arabic]
Shobeyri, Seyyed Musa. 1998. Ketab Nekah (The Book of Marriage), Qom: Polling Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Sobhani, Jafar. 1993. Al-Mokhtar (The Anthology), Qom: Imam Sadegh (AS) Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Tabatabayi, Seyyed Ali. 1988. Al-Sharh al-Saghir (The Concise Commentary), Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Library, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Tabatabayi, Seyyed Ali. 1997. Riyaz al-Masael, Qom: Al al-Bayt Foundation, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Taheri, Habibollah. 1997. Hoghugh Madani (Civil Law), Qom: Islamic Publishing Office, Second Edition. [in Farsi]
Tusi, Mohammad. 1986. Tahzib al-Ahkam (Refinement of Rulings), Tehran: Islamic Books Institute, Fourth Edition. [in Arabic]
Tusi, Mohammad. 1987. Al-Wasilah (The Means), Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Library, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Tusi, Mohammad. 2008. Al-Mabsut (The Expanded), Tehran: Mortazawi Bookstore, Third Edition. [in Arabic]
Tusi, Mohammad. 2011. Al-Estebsar, Tehran: Islamic Books Institute, First Edition. [in Arabic]
Wahid, Mohammad Bagher. 1931. Resalah Amaliyah Matajer (Practical Treatise on Transactions), Tehran: Haj Sheikh Reza Tajer Tehrani, First Edition.
 

  • Receive Date 25 April 2021
  • Revise Date 25 May 2021
  • Accept Date 01 June 2021